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・ Yellow-scarfed tanager
・ Yellow-browed seedeater
・ Yellow-browed shrike-vireo
・ Yellow-browed sparrow
・ Yellow-browed tit
・ Yellow-browed tody-flycatcher
・ Yellow-browed toucanet
・ Yellow-browed tyrant
・ Yellow-browed warbler
・ Yellow-browed woodpecker
・ Yellow-brown wrasse
・ Yellow-capped
・ Yellow-capped pygmy parrot
・ Yellow-capped weaver
・ Yellow-casqued hornbill
Yellow-cedar decline
・ Yellow-cheek
・ Yellow-cheeked becard
・ Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
・ Yellow-cheeked gibbon
・ Yellow-cheeked tit
・ Yellow-chevroned parakeet
・ Yellow-chinned spinetail
・ Yellow-collared
・ Yellow-collared chlorophonia
・ Yellow-collared lovebird
・ Yellow-crested cockatoo
・ Yellow-crested helmetshrike
・ Yellow-crested manakin
・ Yellow-crested tanager


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Yellow-cedar decline : ウィキペディア英語版
Yellow-cedar decline
Yellow-cedar decline is the accelerated decline and mortality of Yellow-Cedar (''Chamaecyparis nootkatensis'') occurring in the Pacific Northwest Temperate Rainforest of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia. This phenomena has been observed on over 200,000 hectares of forest and is believed to be due to reduced winter snowpacks and increased soil freezing.〔USFS Website, "Climate Change and Yellow-Cedar Decline"〕
==Setting==
Yellow-Cedar ranges from the Klamath Mountains of California to Prince William Sound in Alaska.〔Schaberg et. al., "Do Limited Cold Tolerances and Shallow Depth of Roots Contribute to Yellow-Cedar Decline?" Forest Ecology and Management 262. 2011. Web〕 Yellow-Cedar is limited to low elevations throughout most of its range; in Alaska, however, it can be found near timberline to sea-level 〔Hennon et al. "CLIMATE WARMING, REDUCED SNOW, AND FREEZING INJURY COULD EXPLAIN THE DEMISE OF YELLOW-CEDAR IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA, USA". World Resource Review. 2006. Web〕 The climate in Southeast Alaska and Western British Columbia is hyper-martime, with frequent low-intensity precipiation.〔Hennon et al. "CLIMATE WARMING, REDUCED SNOW, AND FREEZING INJURY COULD EXPLAIN THE DEMISE OF YELLOW-CEDAR IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA, USA". World Resource Review. 2006. Web〕 Snow levels in this area are highly variable due to near freezing temperatures in the winter time.〔Hennon et al. "CLIMATE WARMING, REDUCED SNOW, AND FREEZING INJURY COULD EXPLAIN THE DEMISE OF YELLOW-CEDAR IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA, USA". World Resource Review. 2006. Web〕 Forests here are dominated by Sitka Spruce (''Picea stichensis''), Western Hemlock (''Tsuga heterophylla''), Mountain Hemlock (''Tsuga mertensiana''), Shore Pine (''Pinus contorta''), Western Redcedar (''Thuja plicata''), and Yellow Cedar. Decline of this species has affected over 200,000 hectares of forest in Alaska and 50,000 hectares in British Columbia 〔Schaberg et. al., "Do Limited Cold Tolerances and Shallow Depth of Roots Contribute to Yellow-Cedar Decline?" Forest Ecology and Management 262. 2011. Web〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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